Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes. Ammonium hydroxide is a solution of ammonia in water. It has a role as a food acidity regulator.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Molecular FormulaNH4OH
Density:0.9g/cm³g/cm³
Boiling Point:
Solubility:Soluble in water and ethanol.
Molecular Weight:35.1g/mol
Flash Point:
Melting Point:
Uses
Used as agricultural fertilizer. In the chemical industry, it is used to manufacture various ammonium salts, as an aminating agent in organic synthesis, and as a catalyst for producing thermosetting phenolic resins. In the textile industry, it is applied in wool spinning, silk and dyeing & printing processes, for degreasing and decontaminating wool, woolen fabrics and grey cloth, as well as for dyeing assistance and pH adjustment. It is also used in pharmaceuticals, tanning, thermos flask production (silver plating solution preparation), and the alkalization of rubber and grease.
Safety, Security & Risk
Reacts with many heavy metals and heavy metal salts, forming explosive compounds.Corrodes many metals, producing flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.Reacts violently with acids, posing fire and explosion hazards.Decomposes upon heating, generating toxic and corrosive fumes containing ammonia and nitrogen oxides, with a risk of poisoning.